Supplement 16-Environmental management of refrigeration

Supplement 16-Environmental management of refrigeration equipment

Technical Supplement to WHO Technical Report Series No. 961, 2011 

Annex 9: Model guidance for the storage and transport of time- and temperature-sensitive pharmaceutical products

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abbreviations 

Acknowledgements 

Glossary 

1. Introduction 

1.1 Requirements 

1.2 Objectives 

1.3 Target readership

2. Guidance 

2.1 Associated materials and equipment

2.2 Montreal Protocol 

2.3 Selection of refrigerants and blowing agents 

2.3.1 Use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 

2.3.2 Use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) 

2.3.3 Use of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 

2.3.4 Use of hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) 

2.3.5 Use of hydrocarbons (HCs) 

2.3.6 Ammonia and carbon dioxide 

2.3.7 Other cooling technologies 

2.4 Counterfeit refrigerants 

2.5 Thermal insulation 

2.6 CO2 emissions 

2.6.1 Kyoto Protocol 

2.6.2 CO2 emissions from prime mover 

2.6.3 ODP and high GWP refrigerants 

2.7 Installation and maintenance 

2.8 Decommissioning 

2.9 Staff training 

Bibliography 

Annex 1: Montreal Protocol: non-Article 5 countries

Revision History

Supplement 16-Environmental management of refrigeration equipment